WRITTEN BY : PRADEEP M & BALSHAK T
Abstract-Watch is an important one for anybody to find time. But when the battery of watch dies out it is difficult for that person to find the time till he replaces the battery or buys new watch. Even though mobile phone show the time today, it is still difficult for the people to find time if watches are not therein this work, a new system has been formulated to find the life time of watch battery. An Arduino controller has based coding has been developed to estimate the remaining life time of the battery. The results shown are accurate to the satisfaction.
1.INTRODUCTION
Estimation of battery lifetime has been a challenge to the people. An improvement in design, in order to increase the lifetime of the battery was developed by V.Suzler et al and they succeeded in their work to most extent[1].M.S.hosen etal proposed new model of aging based on dataset of Lithium ion battery and based on the data set they developed three models viz., electrochemical model, semi empirical model and data driven model and predicted lifetime based on neural networks[2].S.wang et al analyzed various prediction methodologies based on the models already available and they discussed about pros and cons of each and every model[3].M.Chen et al proposed a new entropy based capacity and lifetime calculation of a battery, based on Bay's neural network model and found the results to be accurate[4].N.Andrenacci et al developed a new stochastic model of a battery based on the lifetime and analyzed the abrupt stress as a condition in which they compared the capacity of various cells[5].
During shutdown for a small period degradation occurs in a battery. The degradation affects the battery lifetime. J.Zhang et al developed a model in which they used Weiner process and degradation modelling[6].Peng Zhang et al analyzed various approaches of lifetime estimation of battery and reviewed the results produced by each of them[7].Joakim Anderson in his thesis work made linear regression model and applied the same to the battery lifetime estimation and used state vector Kalman filter, single weight dual Kalman filter and found encouraging results[8].Yi li et al applied various big data analytics methods to estimate life time of a battery used in durable electric vehicles and analyzed various models using big data analytic methods[9].Yi li again proposed a method of fast battery lifetime estimation based on Computational Neural Networks methods and found satisfactory results[10].
This work proposes a new graph based interpolation methodology being implemented by Arduino controller and gives satisfactory results on lifetime estimation of silver oxide watch battery.
1.Silver Oxide Battery: The silver oxide/zinc alkaline primary battery is the predominate system of the miniature battery product line. It typically can be used in watches, calculators, photoelectric exposure devices, hearing aids, and electronic instruments. Its general characteristics include:
1.Higher voltage than comparable mercury batteries
2.Flatter discharge curve than alkaline manganese dioxide batteries
3.Good low temperature characteristics
4.Good resistance to shock, vibration, and acceleration
5.Low and essentially constant internal resistance
6.Excellent service maintenance; in excess of 90% after storage at 21°C(70°F) for five years Available in voltages ranging from 1.5 to 6.0 volts and a variety of sizes.
2.Arduino UNO controller: Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board.
The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load new code onto the board -- you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program. Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the micro-controller into a more accessible package.
This work proposes a new graph based interpolation methodology being implemented by Arduino controller and gives satisfactory results on lifetime estimation of silver oxide watch battery.
1.Silver Oxide Battery: The silver oxide/zinc alkaline primary battery is the predominate system of the miniature battery product line. It typically can be used in watches, calculators, photoelectric exposure devices, hearing aids, and electronic instruments. Its general characteristics include:
1.Higher voltage than comparable mercury batteries
2.Flatter discharge curve than alkaline manganese dioxide batteries
3.Good low temperature characteristics
4.Good resistance to shock, vibration, and acceleration
5.Low and essentially constant internal resistance
6.Excellent service maintenance; in excess of 90% after storage at 21°C(70°F) for five years Available in voltages ranging from 1.5 to 6.0 volts and a variety of sizes.
2.Arduino UNO controller: Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board.
The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load new code onto the board -- you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program. Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the micro-controller into a more accessible package.
The proposed work is based on the Graphical Interpolation strategy. This graphical interpolation strategy works with Arduino UNO controller. The watches use silver oxide battery. The silver oxide batteries almost have a lifetime of maximum three years. The graph has been interpolated and the data have been saved using interpolation strategy. This interpolation has given various interesting results in which the graph of voltage Versus lifetime in hours was first taken as reference and then the data was interpolated using suitable coding in C language.Fig.1 shows the graph of lifetime of silver oxide battery
Proper C language based codding on interpolation was applied to find the lifetime of the battery. A suitable Arduino coding was then developed to form a lookup table and then it was burnt into Arduino using suitable compiler.
The block diagram of the proposed system has been shown in fig.2,
The watch uses silver oxide battery. The battery is always associated with the load.so, the voltage in the battery drops day by day and after certain period by large extents, the voltage is reedy sensor and it is converted into digital value by ADC present in Arduino controller. The Arduino UNO compares the voltage with the no.of months present in the look up table and then makes it to be displayed it on LCD display. The main part of the work lies with C language based interpolation coding as well as Arduino Program coding for the lookup table. A Provision has also been made in this work , by which voltage is displayed in the LCD display.
3.COMPONENTS USED
Fig.3., shows photograph of silver oxide battery
Here Arduino UNO ATmega328P.has been used to develop the code. Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
4.EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Fig.4.Shows the experimental setup. As the number of components used in the system is less, the size of the product will also be small. Hence, this system has been a miniaturized one in nature and it gives results in expected lines.
5.CONCLUSION
In this work a new methodology by using interpolation based on graph available for the lifetime of the battery has been proposed to display the remaining lifetime of a watch. This methodology requires lesser number of components and hence its size is miniaturized in nature. Future scope of this work includes to find the life time of any battery in an accurate manner.